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Tools
 Click
the wrench and bolt for access to select tools for aviators and travellers...
New World Clock
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In northern hemisphere summer is
Daylight Savings |
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Remember: "Spring
Ahead"..."Fall Back" (from Muriel Briggs) |
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Saskatchewan is the Not the Same as
Manitoba in the Summer (use Alberta time--ASSS "Alberta is the Same as
Saskatchewan in the Summer) but the Same in Winter (use
Manitoba time) |
Version 4.1
Copyright © 2006, P. Lutus.
Phonetic Alphabet (NATO)
| Alpha |
Echo |
India |
Mike |
Quebec |
Uniform |
Yankee |
0
Zero |
4
Fower |
8
Ait |
| Bravo |
Foxtrot |
Juliet |
November |
Romeo |
Victor |
Zulu |
1
Wun |
5
Fife |
9
Niner |
| Charlie |
Golf |
Kilo |
Oscar |
Sierra |
Whiskey |
|
2
Too |
6
Six |
.
Decimal |
| Delta |
Hotel |
Limo |
Papa |
Tango |
X-Ray |
|
3
Tree |
7
Seven |
.
Stop |
   
KEY to
AERODROME FORECAST (TAF) and
AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORT
(METAR)
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TAF
KPIT 091730Z 091818 15005KT 5SM HZ FEW020 WS010/31022KT FM1930
30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 TEMPO 2022 1/2SM +TSRA OVC008CB FM0100
27008KT 5SM SHRA BKN020 0VC040 PROB40 0407 1SM -RA BR FM1015 18005KT
6SM -SHRA OVC020 BECMG 1315 P6SM NSW SKC
METAR KPIT
091955Z COR 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28L/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992
RMK SLP045 T01820159 |
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Forecast |
Explanation
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Report |
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TAF
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Message type: TAF-routine
or TAF AMD-amended forecast, METAR-hourly, SPECI-special
or TESTM-non-commissioned ASOS report |
METAR
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KPIT
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ICAO location indicator
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KPIT
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091730Z
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Issuance time: ALL times in
UTC "Z", 2-digit date, 4-digit time |
091955Z
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091818
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Valid period: 2-digit date,
2-digit beginning, 2-digit ending times |
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In U.S. METAR: CORrected
ob; or AUTOmated ob for automated report with no human
intervention; omitted when observer logs on |
COR
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15005KT
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Wind: 3 digit true-north
direction, nearest 10 degrees (or VaRiaBle);
next 2-3 digits for speed and unit, KT (KMH or MPS); as
needed, Gust and maximum speed; 00000KT for calm; for
METAR, if direction varies 60 degrees or more, Variability
appended, e.g. 180V260 |
22015G25KT
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5SM
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Prevailing visibility: in
U.S., Statute Miles & fractions; above 6 miles in
TAF Plus6SM. (Or, 4-digit minimum visibility in
meters and as required, lowest value with direction) |
3/4SM
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Runway Visual Range: R;
2-digit runway designator Left, Center, or Right
as needed; "/"; Minus or Plus in U.S, 4-digit
value, FeeT in U.S. (usually meters elsewhere);
4-digit value Varialbility 4-digit value (and tendency Down,
Up or No change) |
R28L/2600FT
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HZ
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Significant present,
forecast and recent weather: see table (below) |
TSRA
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FEW020
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Cloud amount, height and
type: SKy Clear 0/8, FEW >0/8-2/8, SCaTtered
3/8-4/8, BroKeN 5/8-7/8, OVerCast
8/8; 3-digit height in hundreds of ft; Towering CUmulus
or CumulonimBus in METAR; in TAF, only
CB. Vertical Visibility for obscured sky and
height "VV004". More than 1 layer may be reported or forecast. In
automated METAR reports only, CLeaR for "clear
below 12,000 feet" |
OVC010CB |
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Temperature: degrees
Celsius; first 2 digits, temperature "/" last 2 digits,
dew-point temperature; Minus for below zero, e.g., M06
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18/16
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Altimeter setting: indicator
and 4 digits; in U.S., A-inches and hundredths; (Q-hectoPascals,
e.g. Q1013) |
A2992
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WS010/31022KT
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In U.S. TAF,
non-convective low-level (<=2,000 ft)Wind Shear;
3-digit height (hundreds of ft); "/", 3-digit wind direction
and 2-3 digit wind speed above the indicated height, and unit, KT
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In METAR, ReMarK
indicator & remarks. For example:Sea-Level Pressure
in hectoPascals & tenths, as shown: 1004.5 hPa; Temp/dew-point
in tenths °C, as shown: temp 18.2°C, dew-point 15.9°C
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RMK SLP045 T01820159
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FM1930
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FroM
and 2-digit hour and 2-digit minute beginning time: indicates
significant change. Each FM starts on a new line, indented 5 spaces.
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TEMPO 2022
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TEMPOrary:
changes expected for < 1 hour and in total, < half of 2-digit hour
beginning and 2-digit hour ending time period
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PROB40 0407
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PROBability
and 2-digit percent (30 or 40): probable condition during 2-digit
hour beginning and 2-digit hour ending time period
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BECMG 1315
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BECoMinG:
change expected during 2-digit hour beginning and 2-digit
hour ending time period |
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Table of
Significant Present, Forecast and Recent Weather - Grouped in categories and
used in the order listed below; or as needed in TAF, No Significant
Weather.
QUALIFIER
Intensity or Proximity - Light "no sign" Moderate + Heavy VC Vicinity:
but not at aerodrome; in U.S. METAR, between 5 and 10SM of the point(s)
of observation; in U.S. TAF, 5 to 10SM from center of runway complex
(elsewhere within 8000m) Descriptor MI Shallow BC Patches PR Partial TS
Thunderstorm BL Blowing SH Showers DR Drifting FZ Freezing WEATHER PHENOMENA
Precipitation DZ Drizzle RA Rain SN Snow SG Snow grains IC Ice crystals
PL Ice pellets GR Hail GS Small hail/snow pellets UP Unknown precipitation in
automated observations Obscuration BR Mist(>= 5/8SM) FG Fog(< 5/8SM) FU
Smoke VA Volcanic Ash SA Sand HZ Haze PY Spray DU Widespread dust Other
SQ Squall SS Sandstorm DS Duststorm PO Well developed FC Funnel cloud +FC
tornado/waterspout dust/sand whirls
- Explanations in parentheses "( )" indicate different worldwide practices.
- Ceiling is
not specified; defined as the lowest broken or overcast layer, or the
vertical visibility.
- NWS
TAFs exclude turbulence, icing & temperature forecasts; NWS METARs
exclude trend fcsts
- Although
not used in US, Ceiling And Visibility OK
replaces visibility, weather and clouds if: visibility >=10km; no cloud
below 5000 ft (1500m) or below the highest minimum sector altitude,
whichever is greater and no CB; and no precipitation, TS, DS, SS, MIFG, DRDU,
DRSA, or DRSN.
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